黄河流域山东段生态保护红线内生态保护成效监测与评估

Assessment of Ecological Conservation Effectiveness within Ecological Conservation Red Line in Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin

摘要:

山东省是生态保护红线试点省份，生态保护成效评估工作是生态省建设的要求之一。黄河流域山东段处于黄河下游，城市化、工业化和交通基础设施建设对该区域生态环境造成较大干扰。本研究基于遥感监测技术，从水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性保护等方面选择生态指标，依托“天—空—地”一体化监测技术体系，获取生态保护红线的“大数据”，构建了黄河流域山东段生态保护红线生态功能评价模型，实现了陆域生态系统功能的年度评级与年际变化监测，最终形成了生态保护红线生态成效的量化方案。研究结果表明：①黄河流域山东段陆域地表生态质量状况相对稳定，2022—2023年生态的动态变化率仅为0.008 48；生态质量状况为无量纲的标准化结果，值域范围在0~1之间，0.2是分级的划分依据，2022、2023年黄河流域山东段生态质量状况为中等水平；②从景观格局分析来看，黄河流域山东段生态保护红线区域的平均斑块面积和聚集度指数变化较小，区域内的景观格局基本保持完整性；③黄河流域山东段生态保护红线保护成效2023年度评估得分为80.75，属于“较好”级别。其中济南市历下区与菏泽市鄄城县生态保护成效得分最高，分别为87.317、82.371。生态保护红线制度在维护国家生态安全、促进绿色发展转型和提升生态环境治理能力方面将持续发挥关键作用，随着生态文明建设的不断推进，优化完善生态保护红线制度将是未来生态管理的重要方向。

Abstract:

Shandong province is a pilot province for ecological protection red lines, and the evaluation of ecological protection effectiveness is one of the requirements for the construction of an ecological province. Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and urbanization, industrialization, and transportation infrastructure construction have caused significant disturbance to ecological environment of the region. Based on remote sensing monitoring technology, selecting ecological indicators from water source conservation, soil and water conservation, and biodiversity maintenance, relying on the "sky air ground" integrated monitoring technology system, the "big data" of the ecological protection red line has been obtained, and an ecological function evaluation model of ecological protection red line in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin has been constructed. The annual rating and interannual variation monitoring of terrestrial ecosystem functions have been achieved, and a quantitative scheme for ecological effectiveness of ecological protection red line has been formed. It is indicated that: ① The surface ecological quality in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin is relatively stable, with a dynamic ecological change rate of only 0.00848 from 2022 to 2023. The ecological quality status is a dimensionless standardized result, with a value range between 0 and 1. 0.2 as the classification basis, and ecological quality status in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin in 2022 and 2023 is at a moderate level. ② From the perspective of landscape pattern analysis, the average patch area and aggregation index of the ecological protection red line area in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin have changed relatively little, and landscape pattern in the region has basically remained intact. ③The evaluation score for ecological protection red line protection effectiveness in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin in 2023 is 80.75, which belongs to "good" level. Among them, Lixia district of Ji'nan city and Juancheng county of Heze city score the highest in ecological protection effectiveness, with scores of 87.317 and 82.371 respectively. The ecological protection red line system will continue to play a key role in maintaining national ecological security, promoting green development transformation, and enhancing ecological environment governance capabilities. Accompanying with continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction, optimizing and improving ecological protection red line system is an important direction for future ecological management.