以流域为单元的山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复思路与实践——以贵州省洪渡河流域为例

Integrated Protection and Restoration Ideas and Practices of Mountains Waters Forests Fields Lakes Grasses and Sands Based on Watershed Units——Taking Hongdu River Basin as an Example

摘要:

洪渡河流域是贵州省“一源一城、两带两区”生态安全战略格局的重要组成部分，其生态安全对于保障长江中上游乌江流域生态安全屏障和武陵山生物多样性保护具有重要战略意义。在立足于流域生态环境本底和自然禀赋的基础上，通过对流域生态系统的室内解译分析及现状调查，石漠化、水土流失、河道水环境、矿山地质环境问题、农田生态功能退化和林业生态功能下降是流域当前主要的生态环境问题，其中最突出的生态问题是石漠化与水土流失。针对存在的主要生态环境问题，流域生态保护修复以水源涵养及水土保持为核心，提出“保水、固土、稳廊道”的总体修复思路，并结合“两条线”的综合分析方法，构建了流域四大修复模式、六大类生态保护修复工程体系、21项生态保护修复措施的生态保护修复对策。修复工程的实施，有效提升流域生态安全，流域生态环境质量得到有效改善，生态服务功能明显增强，生物多样性保护初见成效，进一步筑牢乌江流域生态安全屏障。

Abstract:

Hongdu River Basin is an important part of ecological security strategic pattern of "one source, one city, two belts and two districts" in Guizhou province. Its ecological security is of great strategic significance for ensuring ecological security barrier of Wujiang River Basin in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the protection of Wuling Mountain biodiversity. Based on ecological environment background and natural endowment of the basin, through the indoor interpretation analysis and current situation investigation of the basin ecosystem, it is regarded that rocky desertification, soil erosion, river water environment, mine geological environment, farmland ecological function degradation and forestry ecological function decline are main ecological environment problems in the basin. The most prominent ecological problems are rocky desertification and soil erosion. In view of main ecological and environmental problems, taking water conservation and soil and water conservation as the core in ecological protection and restoration of the river basin, overall restoration idea of "water conservation, soil consolidation and stable corridor" have been put forward. Combining with comprehensive analysis method of "two lines", ecological protection and restoration countermeasures of four restoration modes, six types of ecological protection and restoration engineering systems and 21 ecological protection and restoration measures have been constructed. The implementation of the restoration project has effectively improved ecological security of the basin, the quality of ecological environment of the basin has been effectively improved, ecological service function has been significantly enhanced, and biodiversity protection has achieved initial results. It will further strengthen ecological security barrier of Wujiang River Basin.