山东省莱西市河头店镇土壤质量地球化学评价与土地利用规划建议

Geochemical Evaluation of Land Quality and Suggestions for Land Use Planning in Hetoudian Town in Laixi City in Shandong Province

摘要:

为揭示河头店镇土壤养分和环境指标的空间分布特征及质量等级，本研究开展了1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查。采用6个点/km2的采样密度采集表层土壤样品，分析了养分和环境指标，并基于所得数据进行了土地质量综合评价。结果表明，研究区内土壤重金属 Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn 平均含量不同程度高于山东省土壤背景值，空间分布不均匀，其中Cr和Cu富集较为明显，Hg、Cd的变异系数最高，Cr 和 Ni 存在较为显著伴生关系；河头店镇土壤养分质量一般，评价等级以较缺乏为主，中等以上养分占总评价面积的34.58%；土壤环境质量优质，以一级无风险区为主，占总评价面积的97.98%；土壤质量整体较好，良好和优质土壤占总评价面积的33.94%，中等土壤占总评价面积的63.17%，无劣等土壤。基于本次调查获得的数据，针对河头店镇土地利用现状，提出了划定高标准永久基本农田和优化农用地分类管理的规划建议。本次研究工作可为当地土地保护与开发提供科学地球化学数据支撑。

Abstract:

In order to reveal spatial distribution characteristics and quality grades of soil nutrients and environmental indicators in Hetoudian town, land quality geochemical survey with the scale of 1∶50000 has been carried out. Surface soil samples are collected at a density of 6 points/km2, nutrient and environmental indicators are analyzed, and a comprehensive land quality assessment is evaluated based on the obtained data. It is showed that the average contents of heavy metals, including Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, in the soils in the study area have been found to exceed the soil background values in Shandong province to varying extents and exhibiting a heterogeneous spatial distribution. Cr and Cu display substantial enrichment, while Hg and Cd exhibite the highest coefficients of variation. Furthermore, a relatively significant paragenetic relationship has been observed between Cr and Ni in the study soils. The soil nutrient quality in Hetoudian town is generally moderate, with the evaluation grade dominated by relatively deficient levels, and soils with medium or higher nutrient levels accounti for 34.58% of the total study area. The soil environmental quality is excellent. The first grade no-risk zone being the primary category accounts for 97.98% of the total evaluated area. The overall soil quality is relatively good, with good and high quality soils account for 33.94% of the total evaluated area, medium-quality soils accounts for 63.17%, and no poor-quality soils are found. Based on the data acquired from this survey, suggestions for the delineation of high standard permanent basic farmland and the optimization of agricultural land classification and management have been put forward based onpresent condition of land use in Hetoudian town. This study can provide scientific geochemical data support for local land protection and development.