牟汶河流域地表水化学特征及影响因素分析

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Surface Water in Muwen River Drainage Basin in Shandong Province

摘要:

为研究牟汶河流域地表水体水化学特征及离子来源，服务济南市莱芜区、钢城区水资源科学开发与管理，系统采集了流域内10组河水和8组库水样品，综合利用Gibbs图、离子比值关系和数理统计学方法，分析了流域内地表水体离子组分特征、水化学类型和物质来源控制因素。结果表明，牟汶河河水和库水整体呈弱碱性淡水，阴阳离子组分以HCO3、SO42和Ca2+、Na+为主；河水水化学类型主要为SO4·ClCa·Na型，库水水化学类型主要为HCO3·SO4Ca·Mg型；河水水化学组分主要受硅酸盐岩的风化溶解作用以及生活污水和粪便的影响；硅酸盐岩和以方解石为主要矿物的碳酸盐岩风化以及农业种植活动中肥料的使用参与了流域内水库库水水化学组分的形成；反向阳离子交换作用造成地表水体中Na++K+的弱亏损和Ca2++Mg2+的弱盈余。

Abstract:

In order to investigate water chemical characteristics and sources of ions in surface water bodies within Muwen river drainage basin, and to support scientific development and management of water resources in Laiwu district and Gangcheng district of Ji'nan city, a total of 10 river water samples and 8 reservoir water samples have been systematically collected from drainage basin. By using Gibbs map, ion ratio relationships and multivariate statistical analysis comprehensively, composition characteristics, hydrochemical types and material source control factors of surface water in the drainage basin have been analyzed. It is showed that water and reservoir water of Mouwen river are generally weak alkaline freshwater, with main components of anions and cations being HCO 3, SO2 4, Ca2+ and Na+. The main chemical types of river water are SO4·Cl Ca·Na type, while main chemical types of reservoir water are HCO3·SO4 Ca·Mg type. The chemical composition of river water is mainly affected by the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks, as well as the influence of domestic sewage and feces. The weathering of silicate rocks and carbonate rocks with calcite as the main mineral, as well as the use of fertilizers in agricultural planting activities are involved in the formation of hydrochemical components in reservoir water within the watershed. Reverse cation exchange causes weak depletion of Na++K+and weak surplus of Ca2++Mg2+in surface water bodies.