Particle swarm optimization is a classical optimization algorithm, which is applicable to the acquisition of optimal solutions of objectives for a variety of situations. In this paper, a time-delay weight and particle swarm population classification method is used to improve the PSO algorithm. This method is used in remote sensing image classification and satisfactory data processing results have been achieved . The improved algorithm with a complex mathematical model has been analyzed. It has obvious advantages over the basic PSO algorithm and can achieve a higher accuracy target solution with a smaller number of particles and iterations. The improved algorithm significantly reduces the time complexity of computation and can effectively reduce the time cost of remote sensing big data processing, which is of good value for promotion in the field of remote sensing.