济宁泰安菏泽地区采煤塌陷地复垦措施探讨

Study on Reclamation Countermeasures of Coal Mining Collapse in Jining AreaTai 'an Areaand Heze Area

摘要:

由煤炭开采造成的地表塌陷问题日趋严重，探索适宜煤矿塌陷区的复垦模式及土地复垦技术措施，对提高土地复垦利用率和生产潜力具有十分重要的意义。该文以济宁市、泰安市、菏泽市为例，介绍了区内采煤塌陷地现状及特点，以采煤塌陷复垦工程为基础，确定了区内复垦模式包括“先破坏，后治理”的传统复垦模式和“边采边复”的动态预复垦模式，对比分析了复垦模式间的优缺点；研究了不同土地复垦技术措施的适用条件。该文认为济宁市、泰安市采煤塌陷复垦适宜采用“先破坏，后治理”的传统复垦模式，菏泽市采煤塌陷复垦适宜采用“边采边复”的动态预复垦模式。在传统复垦模式下，对研究区内采煤塌陷程度较轻、满足农业复垦条件的，适宜采取土地平整法、疏排水法、削高填法低、充填法、生物修复法等复垦技术措施，对无法复垦治理为耕地的重度塌陷区，建议综合采取直接利用法、挖深垫浅法等复垦技术措施。

Abstract:

Coal industry is the traditional basic industry of Shandong province. The surface subsidence caused by coal mining is becoming more and more serious, Exploration of the reclamation mode and land reclamation technology measures are suitable for coal mine subsidence area. It is of great significance to improve the utilization rate of land reclamation and production potential. Takeing Ji'ning city, Tai’an city and Heze city as the study areas, present situation and characteristics of coal mining subsidence in the area are introduced. Based on the coal mining subsidence reclamation project which has been or is being reclaimed, the reclamation mode includes traditional reclamation mode of "destruction first，treatment later" and the dynamic prereclamation mode of Concurrent Mining and Reclamation. The advantages and disadvantages of the reclamation modes are compared and analyzed. The applicable conditions of different land reclamation technical measures are studied. It is considered that traditional reclamation mode of "destruction first, treatment later" is suitable for the subsidence reclamation in Jining and Tai’an mining areas. The dynamic prereclamation mode of "mining while recovering" is suitable for the subsidence reclamation in Heze area. It is believed that under the traditional reclamation mode, the subsidence degree of coal mining in the study area is relatively light, and satisfying the conditions for agricultural reclamation. It is suitable to adopt land leveling method, drainage method, cutting high filling method, filling method, bioremediation method and other reclamation technology measures. Heavy subsidence areas that cannot be reclaimed and harnessed for arable land. It is suggested that direct utilization method, deep digging and shallow bedding method and other reclamation techniques should be adopted comprehensively. Under dynamic prereclamation mode, It is suggested to adopt land leveling method, dig deep and lay shallow method and other reclamation techniques. More usable land can be reclaimed in advance.