高密市耕地表层土壤营养元素有效态地球化学特征

Geochemical Characteristics of Nutrient Elements in Surface Soil of Cultivated Land in Gaomi City

摘要:

通过对高密市耕地表层土壤进行调查，获得了N，P，K，Cu，Zn，Mo，B等7种营养元素全量和有效量，以及pH值和有机质数据，采用数据统计、相关性分析、对比分析等方法，研究有效态地球化学特征及其受控因素。结果表明，元素全量对有效态具有直观制约影响，元素全量与其有效量均呈正相关，与P，K，Cu，Zn有效度呈正相关，表现为协同作用的有N全量对P有效量，P全量对K，Cu，Zn有效量，Cu全量对P，Zn有效量，Zn全量对P，Cu有效量，P全量对K有效量；酸性土壤能够提高N，P，Cu，Zn，Mo元素的生物有效性，碱性土壤能够提高B元素的生物有效性；有机质能够影响土壤营养元素活化，对有效量有一定的促进作用，有机质增加可以不同程度提高K，Zn，B元素的有效度，但会降低N元素的有效度；不同土壤类型的土壤理化性质有所不同，如土壤pH值和有机质的差异，是影响土壤营养元素有效态的重要因素。

Abstract:

Based on systematic sampling and testing of topsoil in Gaomi city, total and effective amounts of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mo, B, pH and organic matter data have been obtained. The available geochemical characteristics and its controlled factors are studied by means of data statistics, correlation analysis and comparative analysis. It is showed that the total amount of soil nutrient elements, pH, organic matter and soil type all have certain effects on the available state of elements. The total amount of elements is positively correlated with their available amount, and positively correlated with the availability of P, K, Cu and Zn. The total amount of some elements have synergistic effects on the available amount and availability of different elements, such as the total amount of N is positively correlated with the available amount of P, the total amount of P is positively correlated with the available amount of K, Cu and Zn, the total amount of Zn is positively correlated with the available amount of P, Cu, and the total amount of P is negatively correlated with the available amount of N and P, and negatively correlated with the available amount of N and P. The availability of Cu, Zn and Mo is negatively correlated, and positively correlated with B availability and availability; organic matter is positively correlated with nutrient availability, and positively correlated with K, Zn and B availability, and negatively correlated with N availability. For example, in brown soil with the lowest pH and organic matter, N, P, K, Mo and Cu are the highest; in Shajiang black soil with the highest pH and relatively high organic matter, B is the highest.