白钨矿成因矿物学研究现状及研究展望

Advances and Prospects of Scheelite Genetic Mineralogy

摘要:

我国是产钨大国，拥有全球60%以上的钨资源量，其中白钨矿资源的储量和开采量均长期居世界首位。作为目前世界上最为重要的工业钨矿物，白钨矿可在石英脉型AuW矿、斑岩型CuMoW矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、脉状SnW矿等岩浆热液钨多金属矿床中普遍发育，其晶体中记录着流体演化、运移及结晶沉淀的物理化学条件等重要信息，是“精细解剖”钨多金属矿床成因的重要对象。近20年来，白钨矿成因矿物学研究正在钨矿研究中发挥愈来愈重要的作用，尤其是最近10年，利用白钨矿成因矿物学揭示钨矿成因的研究呈现快速增长趋势，成为国内外钨矿研究的热点。本文梳理了以往钨多金属矿床研究中白钨矿成因矿物学的研究成果(包括稀土元素特征、微量元素特征、放射性同位素特征、稳定同位素特征及白钨矿结晶实验地球化学研究等)，发现在进行白钨矿成因探讨时，总是存在关于白钨矿关键地球化学特征的多解性甚至矛盾性解释之处，严重制约着白钨矿成因矿物学在钨矿研究中的广泛应用。针对以上关键问题，本文提出了相应的科学解决方法，并对白钨矿成因矿物学未来的发展进行了展望。

Abstract:

China is a large tungsten producing country with more than 60% of the world's tungsten resources. Scheelite reserves and mining capacity are the first in the world for a long time. As the most important industrial tungsten mineral in the world, scheelite can be widely developed in magmatic hydrothermal tungsten polymetallic deposits, such as quartz vein type Au W deposit, porphyry Cu Mo W deposit, skarn type deposit, vein Sn W deposit. The crystal records important information, such as physical chemical conditions of fluid evolution, migration and crystallization precipitation. It is an important genetic object of tungsten polymetallic deposits. In the past 20 years. The study of scheelite genetic mineralogy is playing a more and more important role in the study of scheelite. Especially in the last 10 years, the study of scheelite genesis revealed by scheelite genetic mineralogy has shown a rapid growth trend, and has become a hot spot of tungsten ore research at home and abroad. Research results of genetic mineralogy of scheelite in the past has been reviewed in this paper on tungsten polymetallic deposits (including rare earth element characteristics, trace element characteristics, radioisotope characteristics, stable isotope characteristics and experimental geochemistry of scheelite crystals). It is found that there are always multiple solutions or even contradictions about the key geochemical characteristics of scheelite when discussing the genesis of scheelite The wide application of genetic mineralogy of scheelite in the study of tungsten ore is seriously restricted. In view of the above key problems. The corresponding scientific solutions have been put forward, and prospect of the development of scheelite genetic mineralogy in the future has been studied as well.