基于多源遥感数据的城市扩张监测与分析

Monitoring and Analysis on Urban Expansion Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data

摘要:

有关建成区空间分布的研究是城市发展规划的重要组成部分，针对单一数据源不足以提供准确、及时的建成区信息的问题，提出了一种结合Landsat数据和夜光遥感数据的城市扩张监测方法。该文以Landsat影像与夜光遥感影像为数据源，采用SVM分类方法和突变检测阈值分割技术，提取2004—2016年的原济南市、泰安市、原莱芜市的建成区范围，然后引入城市扩张强度、紧凑度、重心轨迹转移分析和等扇形分析等指标，来定量分析城市扩张的时空变化特征。结果表明：从2004—2016年，研究区建成区面积增加了508.06km2,原济南、泰安市均以外延式的城市发展为主，主要的趋势是北部、西部和南部；而原莱芜市则以填充型的城市发展为主，紧凑度高于其余两市，西北方向处于扩张速率的高值区；其中城市扩张强度指标定量地反映出在2004—2007年间研究区城市化进程取得重大突破，是区域城市化进程的重要阶段。相较于单一数据源，引入夜光遥感数据，可以更快速高效地提取城市建成区信息。

Abstract:

Research on the spatial distribution of builtup areas is an important part of urban development planning. Aiming at the problem that a single data source is not enough to provide accurate and timely information of builtup areas, an urban expansion monitoring method combining Landsat data and luminous remote sensing data has been proposed. Regarding Landsat images and luminous remote sensing image as data sources, using the SVM classification method and mutation detection threshold segmentation technology, the scope of original built-up areas in Ji'nan, Tai'an and Laiwu from 2004 to 2016 has been extracted. The indexes of urban expansion intensity, compactness, barycenter track transfer and equal sector analysis have been introduced to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of urban expansion quantitatively. It is showed that the builtup area has increased 508.06km2 from 2004 to 2016. Ji'nan and Tai'an city were in an extended urban developing way in the past in the north, west and south, while Laiwu developed as a filler city. Its compactness is higher than that of the other two cities. Among them, the index of urban expansion intensity quantitatively reflects major breakthrough in the urbanization process of the study area from 2004 to 2007. It is an important stage of the regional urbanization process. Comparing with a single data source, luminous remote sensing data can be used to extract the information of urban builtup area more quickly and efficiently.