基于多元数据的黄河三角洲核心区生态环境状况评价研究

Evaluation and Study on Ecological Environment in the Core Area of the Yellow River Delta Based on Multivariate Data

摘要:

生态环境状况评价是区域生态环境保护与管理的重要基础，脆弱生态区则是当前关注的热点区域。该文选择黄河三角洲脆弱生态核心区，利用3S（RS、GIS、GPS）数据、统计数据、野外实测数据等多元数据，构建并提取了7个反映生态环境状况的评价指标，用层次分析法确定各指标权重，以200m边长网格作为评价单元，通过指标叠加获取各单元分值，进而将生态环境状况划分为优、良、中、差、劣6个等级，得到了垦利区生态环境状况的评价结果，并进行了生态环境分区与分析。结果显示，垦利区的生态环境状况总体较差，生态环境状况优、良的比例仅占7.7%，差、劣的等级则占61.5%，生态环境状况从东北沿海向西南内陆呈变好趋势。与利用国家规程的评价结果相比，该研究能更加细致合理反映研究区生态环境等级变化。垦利区生态环境划分为稳定区、过渡区和脆弱区3个区，各区主要土地利用类型分别为耕地、盐荒地和滩涂，占各区面积的36.84%、31.85%和47.37%，生态环境稳定区要强化农田基本建设，控制建设用地规模，同时加强区内盐荒地的开发利用；生态环境过渡区应提高耕地集约化利用程度，加大土壤盐渍化改良力度，提高地表植被覆盖；生态环境脆弱区应适度水产养殖规模，防止海水侵蚀，加强天然林草地的保护。

Abstract:

Assessment of ecological environment is an important basis for the protection and management of regional ecological environment, and fragile ecological areas are the hot spots of current concern. Choosing the Yellow River Delta as the fragile ecological core area, by using multi-metadata, such as 3S（RS, GIS, GPS） data, seven evaluation indicators reflecting the ecological environment condition statistical data and field measured data have been constructed and extracted. The weight of each index is determined by analytic hierarchy process. The evaluation unit is 200m side-length grid, and each unit is acquired by index superposition. The ecological environment has been divided into six grades, they are excellent, good, medium, poor and inferior. The evaluation results of the ecological environment in the reclamation area have been obtained, and the ecological environment has been divided and analyzed. Comparing with the evaluation results by national regulations, this study can reflect the ecological environment of district level changes more detailed and reasonable. The ecological environment is divided into stable zone, transition zone and vulnerable zone. The main land use types are district land, salt wasteland and beaches, which accounted for 36.84%, 31.85% and 47.37% respectively. Basic construction of farmland should be strengthened in ecological environment stable region, the scale of construction land should be controlled, while the development and utilization of ecological environment of salt wasteland should be strengthened. The degree of intensive utilization of cultivated land should be strengthened in transition region, the soil salinization improvement efforts should be increased, and the coverage of vegetation should be improved. In ecological fragile area, the scale of aquaculture should be moderated, and water erosion should be to prevented, and the protection of natural forest grassland should be strengthened.