近30年东平湖湿地景观格局演变研究

Study on the Evolution of Landscape Pattern of Dongping Lake Wetland in the Past 30 Years

摘要:

随着区域经济的迅速发展，工业化程度加剧以及旅游开发等人为活动的影响，东平湖湖区景观格局发生了显著变化，威胁着湿地资源的可持续利用。该文在遥感和GIS技术的支持下，以东平湖1985年、1991年、1996年、2000年、2004年、2011年、2015年7期Landsat TM/OLI影像为数据源，对东平湖湿地景观类型进行了提取。同时利用Fragstats景观分析软件，选取景观多样性、景观优势度、景观均匀度、景观破碎度等指标，在景观水平上研究了1985—2015年近30年来东平湖湿地景观格局的动态变化特征。结果表明，近30年来，湿地与湿地、湿地与非湿地之间发生着景观类型的转化。其中，裸地面积显著减少，建筑用地面积显著增加，自然水面逐渐增大，各植被景观面积没有明显变化趋势。景观格局指数的计算结果表明，研究时段内东平湖湿地景观均匀度指数波动增加，景观多样性指数趋于减小，东平湖湿地景观破碎化程度较均衡，但有加剧趋势，景观类型波动中趋于简单。

Abstract:

Accompanying with rapid development of economy, industrialization and the tourism development, the pollution in Dongping lake area is gradually increasing, and is threatening sustainable utilization of wetland resources. Supported by remote sensing and GIS technology, by using Landsat TM/OLI images of Dongping lake in 1985,1991,1996, 2000, 2004, 2011 and 2015 years as basic resource, the wetland information of Dongping lake has been extracted by remote sensing image processing software. Based on Fragstats software, selecting evenness, diversity, dominance and fragmentation as indices, dynamic characteristics of wetland landscape pattern from 1985—2015 at the landscape level have been studied. It is showed that there is a kind of transformation between wetland and nonwetland in the past 30 years. Among them, the bare area is significantly reducing, the construction land area is increasing significantly, and natural water is increasing gradually. But there is no obvious change trend of vegetation landscape area. As showed by landscape pattern index. During the study period, wetland landscape evenness index of Dongping lake is increasing volatility, landscape diversity index is decreasing, wetland landscape fragmentation is balanced, but has the exacerbating trend, and fluctuations in the landscape types tend to be simple.