国内外岩溶塌陷监测方法综述

Summary of Karst Collapse Monitoring Methods in China and Abroad

摘要:

岩溶塌陷是全球广泛分布的地质灾害问题，严重影响和制约了岩溶地区社会、经济发展，因此，开展岩溶塌陷监测工作，对塌陷预测预报具有及其重要的作用。岩溶塌陷的监测技术与塌陷形成的机理关系密切。该文分析了岩溶塌陷的分布规律和形成的条件，系统总结了国内外岩溶塌陷的监测内容、技术方法、各自优缺点，如BOTDR监测、TDR监测、地质雷达监测、水动力条件监测及地沉降等方法，为系统性地开展岩溶塌陷监测工作提供技术和方法参考，展望了未来的岩溶塌陷监测工作，认为岩溶塌陷监测需结合塌陷的形成机理、塌陷地区覆盖层特征及水动力条件，综合利用多种监测手段联合进行，并形成完善的监测网络。

Abstract:

Karst collapse is a widely distributed geological disaster in the world. According to incomplete statistics, 16 countries have experienced serious Karst ground collapse, which has seriously affected and restricted social and economic development of karst areas.Therefore, carrying out karst collapse monitoring work has an important role in predicting collapse. The monitoring technology of karst collapse is closely related to the mechanism of the formation of karst collapse. Therefore, based on the distribution law and formation conditions of karst collapse, the contents, techniques and methods of monitoring karst collapse at home and abroad, and advantages and disadvantages have been summarized systematically in this paper. It will provide technical references and methods for systematically carrying out karst collapse monitoring work. It is pointed out that the karst collapse monitoring work should be carried out by using the collapse formation mechanism, the characteristics of covering layers in the collapse area, hydrodynamic conditions, and comprehensive utilization of various monitoring means. A complete monitoring network should be formed.