山东省地下水环境演化规律

Evolution Regulation of Groundwater Evironment in Shandong Province

摘要:

地下水环境演化是地下水系统在自然因素和人为因素影响下，发生在地质环境空间内质与量的变化过程和结果。在自然因素中地理、地质等条件可视为基本不变，最主要的是气候条件的变化，而大气降水又是气候条件中最为活跃的因子，其余如温度、风速虽也影响水分的蒸发，但年际变化不如降水大，故以狭义的降水来代表广义的气候条件。人类工程活动因素则主要是抽取地下水和污染物排放，这些因素的变化最终导致的是地下水动力场和化学场的变化。人类工程活动主要是抽取地下水和污染物排放，这些因素变化最终导致的是地下水动力场和化学场的变化。基于这一观点，以1978年为基准年，通过地下水动力场和化学场演化研究结果，采用“地下水环境演化综合指数法”，对全省地下水环境演化程度进行综合评价，划分出“优向演化区、波动平衡区、劣向演化区”，是对近30多年来人类工程活动影响下，山东省地下水环境演化规律的系统总结。

Abstract:

Under the influence of natural and human factors, the evolution of groundwater environment is the process and result of the change of groundwater system. The most important factors are the change of climate, and atmospheric precipitation is the most active factor in climatic conditions. Although temperature and wind speed also affect the evaporation of water, the annual change is not as large as precipitation, so precipitation represents the climatic conditions. Human engineering activities are mainly to extract groundwater and discharge pollutants，these factors ultimately leads to the change of groundwater dynamic field and chemical field. Based on this view, from 1978 years, through the research of groundwater dynamic field and chemical field research, using comprehensive index method of groundwater environment evolution, the Shandong province is divided into superior evolution area, fluctuations balance area and bad evolution area.