巨野县土壤地球化学背景值及土地质量地球化学评价

Soil Geochemical Background Value and Geochemical Assessment of Land Quality in Juye County

摘要:

通过对山东省巨野县土壤元素背景值状况的计算和研究，发现土壤中Ca，Cd，Hg，Mg，F等元素显著高于全省和全国背景值；Mo，Pb，Cu，Co等元素则低于全省和全国背景值；其中土壤Mo含量远低于全省和全国平均水平。土壤质地是决定区内土壤N，K，Mg等元素含量的关键；由黄河冲积物发育的土壤P含量普遍较高，TOC空间分布与N密切相关。城镇及工业区土壤中Hg和Pb的积累趋势明显。元素分级结果显示，区内土壤K和有机质比较丰富；N，P和有机质缺乏区占比分别为23.82%，15.39%和6.47%。微量元素中Ca，Mg，S，Cl等元素较为丰富；而Mo，Si，Se，Co，Zn，Cu，Fe，Mn等元素的缺乏状况最突出。土地质量地球化学评价分等结果显示，全区大部分土地质量优良，区内东北部和中西部地区土壤肥力较好，但有害元素含量偏高，西北部地区肥力较差导致土地质量等级偏低。全区土壤有机质含量不足以满足农业生产需要，加之局部土壤盐分偏高，对粮食作物生长不利。区内土壤环境质量水平总体较好，多数重金属元素分布受地质背景控制，但Hg和Pb污染位置与城镇及工业区分布明显存在一定关系，高值区多呈点状分布于人类活动强烈的地带，说明工业或生活排放对区内土壤中Hg，Pb的积累贡献较大。

Abstract:

Through calculation and study on geochemical background characteristics of Juye county, It is found that the contents of Ca, Cd, Hg, Mg and F in the soil are significantly higher than the value in Shandong province and in China, while the contents of Mo, Pb , Cu and Co are lower than the value. The content of Mo in soil is significantly lower than the average value in Shandong province and in China. Soil particle size is the key factor that influences the soil contents of N, K, Mg and other elements in this area. The content of P in soils developed from the Yellow River alluvial deposits is generally high, and the distributions of TOC and N are closely related. The trend of accumulation of Hg and Pb in the soils of urban and industrial areas is obvious. Elemental grading shows that K and TOC in soils are abundant and the deficient area proportions of N, P and TOC are 23.82%, 15.39% and 6.47%. Trace elements, such as Ca, Mg, S, Cl are abundant, while the elements, such as Mo, Si, Se, Co, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn are in short supply. As showed by geochemical assessment, land quality in most regions are fine, soil fertility in the northeast, middle and west areas are good, but the contents of harmful elements are also high. Due to poor fertility, the land quality grade in northwestern areas are relatively low. The organic matter contents in the soil can not meet the demand of agricultural production. High soil salinity makes it detrimental for the grain planting. The soil environment quality in this area is generally good, and the distribution of most heavy metal elements is controlled by geological background. However, pollution locations of Hg and Pb have close relation with the distribution of urban and industrial areas. The high value areas are more punctuate in the areas where human activities are strong. It indicates that industrial or domestic emissions contribute greatly to the accumulation of Hg and Pb in the soil. High value areas are mostly attached to strong human activities. It indicates that industrial or household emissions contribute to the accumulation of Hg and Pb in the soil in this area greatly.