热应力对恐龙化石风化损坏的影响研究

Effect Study on Thermal Stress to Weathering Damage of Dinosaur Fossils

摘要:

由热应力引起的热破裂作用是造成恐龙化石破坏的一个重要因素。在太阳照射条件下，由于受热不均匀及日照的长久往复循环作用，使得化石表面发生热破裂作用，导致化石表面产生裂缝，加速了恐龙化石风化。采用模拟实验的方式，主要针对恐龙化石试件的物理力学受力变形特性进行研究。通过有限差分软件FLAC3D进行数值模拟，揭示日光辐射造成的恐龙化石温度差异分布对化石风化的影响。试验结果表明：恐龙化石不同部位的温度差异，是造成化石内部热应力分布不均匀的重要原因，热应力的不均匀性导致化石发生热破裂，加速了化石风化受损，因此化石保存要尽量放在恒温环境下，避免化石温度往复变化。

Abstract:

Thermal cracking caused by thermal stress is an important factor to cause the destruction of dinosaur fossils. Under the condition of solar radiation, due to heat inhomogeneity and long-term recycling of sunlight, thermal cracking has been caused in the surface of fossils, which will accelerate the weathering of the dinosaur fossils. The physical and mechanical deformation characteristics of dinosaur fossil specimens have been studied by simulation experiments. Numerical simulation has been carried out by using the finite difference software FLAC3D. It will reveal the influence of the temperature difference distribution of fossil dinosaurs caused by sunlight radiation on the fossil weathering. As showed by the experimental results, the temperature difference between different parts of the dinosaur fossils is an important reason for the uneven distribution of thermal stress in the fossils. Thermal stress inhomogeneity leads to the thermal cracking of fossils and accelerates the damage of fossil weathering. Therefore, the fossil preservation should be placed in the constant temperature environment to avoid the reciprocating change of the fossil temperature.