Thermal response test is usually used in heat power calculation. Only thermal response test can not directly reflect the differences on the heat exchange performance of different media. Optical fiber temperature measuring system can make up the shortage. The combination of optical fiber temperature monitoring and thermal response test is firstly used in the Yellowish plain. In this paper, detailed data has been obtained through optical time domain (OTD) fiber optics detection during the TRT. Based on detailed data, the heat transfer performance of different rock soil layers has been compared and analyzed. Ground temperature changes before and during the heat exchange test have been monitored by using the new monitoring. It will provide the parameter support for rational utilization of shallow geothermal energy.