浅层地震反射波法在石膏矿采空区调查中的应用

Application of Shallow Seismic Reflection Method in Investigation of Gypsum Mined Out Area

摘要:

随着人们对地下矿产资源的过度开采，地下空间形成了较大区域的采空区。采空区出现后，其上覆岩层平衡条件被破坏，使得上覆岩层产生移动变形，直到破坏、塌落，导致地表建筑物变形、破坏，地表大面积下沉、凹陷，形成大面积的采空塌陷区。采空区的存在使矿山生产面临很大的安全问题。近年来，矿山采空区的危害越来越受到人们的重视，在采空区调查中，各种地球物理方法起到了重要的作用，国内外以往探测实践表明，较为常用的物探测量方法有：高密度电阻率法、瞬变电磁法、CSAMT法、浅层地震反射波法、放射性土壤氡气测量法等，但每种物探方法的应用均具有一定的条件，需要根据岩石物性特征、场地条件、探测深度、环境影响等因素选择合适的地球物理方法。地震反射波法具有抗干扰能力强、分辨率较高等优势，被较多应用于矿山采空区的调查中。该文以临沂市兰陵县某石膏矿采空区为例，采用浅层地震反射波法对该石膏矿采空区进行调查，通过对获得的地震剖面资料进行处理和解释，取得了较好的探测效果，其技术方法可为同类采空区的探测提供借鉴和指导。

Abstract:

Accompanying with over-exploitation of underground mineral resources, a larger area of goaf has been formed in underground space. After mined-out areas appear, the overlying strata balance conditions are destroyed, the overlying strata deformed, destroyed, collasped, and caused deformation of the surface of the building, destruction, large surface subsidence and depression. The formation of a large area of goaf has casued many safety problems. In recent years, the harm of mined-out area has been paid more and more attention. In the goaf survey, various geophysical methods have played an important role in the safety of mining. The commonly used geophysical measurement methods are high density resistivity method, transient electromagnetic method, CSAMT method, shallow seismic reflection method, radioactive soil radon measurement method, but each geophysical methods needs certain conditions. It is necessary to select the appropriate geophysical method according to petrophysical characteristics, site conditions, depth of exploration, environmental impact and other factors. Seismic reflection method has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability and high resolution, and it is applied to mined-out area investigation. In this paper, taking a gypsum mined-out area in Lanling county of Linyi city as an example, shallow seismological reflection method is used to investigate the mined-out area of gypsum mine. Through processing and interpretation of obtained seismic profile data, good detection effect has been gained. The detection method can provide reference and guidance for the detection in similar goaf.