青岛城区土壤重金属现状评价及趋势预测

Evaluation and Trend Prediction of Heavy Metals in Soil in Urban Areas of Qingdao City

摘要:

通过对青岛城区土壤进行调查取样，运用单因子评价和内梅罗指数法对青岛表层土壤8种重金属元素(As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Ni，Hg，Pb和Zn)的测试结果进行评价，查明了土壤环境质量现状及其污染程度：青岛市土壤环境质量总体较高，绝大部分地区土壤环境保持在清洁水平；污染区域以孤岛状零星分布于青岛市内，区内胶州湾入海口污染指数偏高，很可能是由于河流上游污水排放导致的。通过对未来20年城区土壤在大气降尘影响下重金属Cd，Zn的累积情况进行了预测，结果表明：随着时间的推移，土壤有害元素含量会有所增高。其中，大气降尘中Zn元素对青岛市区土壤影响明显。该研究对于正确认识青岛区域地球化学特征和地质环境具有一定的指导意义。

Abstract:

Through investigation and samples of soils in urban areas in Qingdao city, by using single factor evaluation and Nemerow index method, test results of eight heavy elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Hg, Pb and Zn) in surface soil in Qingdao city have been evaluated, present conditions of soil environmental quality and pollution degree have been identified. It is said that the quality of soil environment is in a high level in Qingdao city, soil enviroment in most areas has maintained a clean level, and the contaminated areas distributed in districts in single island shape. Pollution index in Jiaozhou bay estuary area is high, which probably be caused by discharging sewage from the upstream of the river. Through predication of air settlement on heavy metal(Zn,Cd) accumulated in soil in future 20 years in urban areas of Qingdao city, it is showed that accompanying with the passage of time, the harmful elements in soil will increase significantly. The dust in the atmosphere of Zn will have obvious effects on the soil in Qingdao city. It has a certain guiding significance for correct understanding of regional geochemical characteristics and geological environment in Qingdao city.