Abstract:According to the datas of cultivated land area and the development level of society and economy from 2002to 2007 in Shandong province,tendency changes of cultivated land and population in Shandong province are analyzed. By using principal component analysis method, through SPSS quantitative analysis, the driving factors of arable land are analyzed. Based on the results of principal component analysis, the driving factors, such as demographic, economic and urban construction are analyzed in this paper.